1 00:00:13,680 --> 00:00:11,430 on this episode of skeptic Oh Rupert 2 00:00:16,640 --> 00:00:13,690 sheldrick returns to skeptic Oh to talk 3 00:00:19,230 --> 00:00:16,650 about his latest book science set free I 4 00:00:21,630 --> 00:00:19,240 think all these questions of this 5 00:00:24,029 --> 00:00:21,640 spiritual are not very deep in these 6 00:00:26,880 --> 00:00:24,039 questions they're right there under the 7 00:00:29,280 --> 00:00:26,890 paper thins surface of it survival of 8 00:00:31,589 --> 00:00:29,290 consciousness I mean that immediately 9 00:00:33,590 --> 00:00:31,599 for any man on the street as well as any 10 00:00:36,150 --> 00:00:33,600 scientists immediately launch us into 11 00:00:38,069 --> 00:00:36,160 deep questions of the spiritual I don't 12 00:00:40,319 --> 00:00:38,079 know how you get around that although 13 00:00:43,259 --> 00:00:40,329 the science is very relevant to these 14 00:00:45,479 --> 00:00:43,269 issues it doesn't nap in such a way that 15 00:00:47,819 --> 00:00:45,489 you know to be an atheist you've got to 16 00:00:49,619 --> 00:00:47,829 be a kind of dork in style materialist 17 00:00:52,169 --> 00:00:49,629 ought to be a religious person you've 18 00:00:54,809 --> 00:00:52,179 got to be a duelist I think what we're 19 00:00:56,520 --> 00:00:54,819 heading for is in a post materialist 20 00:00:58,919 --> 00:00:56,530 worldview which is what my book is 21 00:01:00,989 --> 00:00:58,929 trying to point the way towards we could 22 00:01:03,329 --> 00:01:00,999 have a holistic way of looking at things 23 00:01:06,920 --> 00:01:03,339 a scientific investigation of things 24 00:01:20,460 --> 00:01:06,930 which leaves these bigger questions open 25 00:01:24,130 --> 00:01:22,600 welcome to skeptic aware we explore 26 00:01:26,289 --> 00:01:24,140 controversial science with leading 27 00:01:28,510 --> 00:01:26,299 researchers thinkers and their critics 28 00:01:30,550 --> 00:01:28,520 I'm your host aleksic Harrison on 29 00:01:33,100 --> 00:01:30,560 today's episode we welcome Rupert 30 00:01:35,020 --> 00:01:33,110 sheldrick back to skeptic Oh dr. 31 00:01:36,670 --> 00:01:35,030 sheldrick has a new book out as matter 32 00:01:39,700 --> 00:01:36,680 of fact I think today might be the 33 00:01:42,249 --> 00:01:39,710 launch day for it in the US it's called 34 00:01:44,830 --> 00:01:42,259 science set free and the set free is 35 00:01:46,780 --> 00:01:44,840 from materialism and he poses many 36 00:01:49,180 --> 00:01:46,790 interesting questions to the 37 00:01:52,570 --> 00:01:49,190 conventional ideas science is married to 38 00:01:55,419 --> 00:01:52,580 with regard to materialism interesting 39 00:01:58,240 --> 00:01:55,429 book from a fascinating guest here's my 40 00:02:00,760 --> 00:01:58,250 dialogue with dr. Rupert shelter today 41 00:02:03,460 --> 00:02:00,770 we welcome back to skeptic Oh biologist 42 00:02:05,109 --> 00:02:03,470 and author dr. Rupert sheldrick he's 43 00:02:07,510 --> 00:02:05,119 here to talk about his latest book the 44 00:02:10,150 --> 00:02:07,520 science delusion or if you're here in 45 00:02:13,330 --> 00:02:10,160 the US you'll find it at amazon under 46 00:02:15,490 --> 00:02:13,340 the title science set free Rupert 47 00:02:18,880 --> 00:02:15,500 welcome back and thanks for joining me 48 00:02:21,490 --> 00:02:18,890 hey good to be with you again well as 49 00:02:24,100 --> 00:02:21,500 folks who are longtime listeners of this 50 00:02:26,680 --> 00:02:24,110 show probably know you were not only the 51 00:02:28,150 --> 00:02:26,690 first guest on skeptic oh but your work 52 00:02:31,120 --> 00:02:28,160 was certainly a source of inspiration 53 00:02:33,850 --> 00:02:31,130 for the show and now all these millions 54 00:02:36,789 --> 00:02:33,860 of page views and downloads later I want 55 00:02:39,009 --> 00:02:36,799 to again thank you for helping to send 56 00:02:42,310 --> 00:02:39,019 me on this journey it's been it's been 57 00:02:44,819 --> 00:02:42,320 wonderful and I certainly appreciate the 58 00:02:47,080 --> 00:02:44,829 guidance that you've given along the way 59 00:02:48,670 --> 00:02:47,090 well I'm really impressed with what 60 00:02:51,120 --> 00:02:48,680 you've done Alex I think that you've 61 00:02:53,199 --> 00:02:51,130 moved this whole debate to a new level 62 00:02:57,190 --> 00:02:53,209 because you've been able to bring in 63 00:02:59,920 --> 00:02:57,200 people from both sides and you know open 64 00:03:02,229 --> 00:02:59,930 up these questions and before that there 65 00:03:04,360 --> 00:03:02,239 were people in warring camps and who 66 00:03:06,970 --> 00:03:04,370 didn't talk to each other I think yours 67 00:03:10,300 --> 00:03:06,980 is probably the only platform which 68 00:03:11,890 --> 00:03:10,310 gives you know free fair hearing to all 69 00:03:14,259 --> 00:03:11,900 points of view in this controversial 70 00:03:17,349 --> 00:03:14,269 area well speaking of warring sides 71 00:03:19,840 --> 00:03:17,359 that's probably a great segue into your 72 00:03:21,610 --> 00:03:19,850 latest book and I wanted to in the 73 00:03:23,470 --> 00:03:21,620 introduction their kind of highlight 74 00:03:26,320 --> 00:03:23,480 this title change because I find it 75 00:03:27,820 --> 00:03:26,330 quite curious i understand that as an 76 00:03:30,130 --> 00:03:27,830 author you can't always control the 77 00:03:31,250 --> 00:03:30,140 whims of a publisher who looks to sell 78 00:03:34,070 --> 00:03:31,260 more books but 79 00:03:36,500 --> 00:03:34,080 wow what a what a change from how the 80 00:03:39,800 --> 00:03:36,510 science delusion and everything that 81 00:03:42,800 --> 00:03:39,810 that conjures up to a big old smiley 82 00:03:46,789 --> 00:03:42,810 face science set free any thoughts on 83 00:03:48,740 --> 00:03:46,799 that well in Britain and my original 84 00:03:51,940 --> 00:03:48,750 title was to do with the dogmas of 85 00:03:57,020 --> 00:03:51,950 science and and in a liberating science 86 00:03:59,030 --> 00:03:57,030 from dogmas but my British publishers 87 00:04:00,770 --> 00:03:59,040 were very keen to call it the science 88 00:04:02,599 --> 00:04:00,780 delusion because of course that plays 89 00:04:05,839 --> 00:04:02,609 off the title of richard dawkins book 90 00:04:08,030 --> 00:04:05,849 The God Delusion and the book is not an 91 00:04:10,009 --> 00:04:08,040 answer to Dawkins and it's not I mean 92 00:04:11,330 --> 00:04:10,019 he's mentioned a few times in the book 93 00:04:14,869 --> 00:04:11,340 but it's certainly not a kind of 94 00:04:18,560 --> 00:04:14,879 polemical response but the sales and 95 00:04:20,449 --> 00:04:18,570 marketing team in Britain at my 96 00:04:22,400 --> 00:04:20,459 publishers said that the book would sell 97 00:04:25,820 --> 00:04:22,410 twice as many if it was called the 98 00:04:30,200 --> 00:04:25,830 science tribution compared with my 99 00:04:32,689 --> 00:04:30,210 original title and so they twisted my 100 00:04:36,680 --> 00:04:32,699 arm and I agreed to it and I mean I I'm 101 00:04:38,180 --> 00:04:36,690 okay with that title but in the US the 102 00:04:39,950 --> 00:04:38,190 publishers didn't want to call it the 103 00:04:41,810 --> 00:04:39,960 Science Division first of all Richard 104 00:04:43,850 --> 00:04:41,820 Dawkins and his book the contribution of 105 00:04:45,680 --> 00:04:43,860 much less well known in the US and they 106 00:04:48,080 --> 00:04:45,690 are in Britain everybody's heard of it 107 00:04:50,570 --> 00:04:48,090 in Britain in the u.s. quite loss of 108 00:04:53,600 --> 00:04:50,580 heard of it but you know even when I'm 109 00:04:57,260 --> 00:04:53,610 talking to friends of mine in the US and 110 00:04:59,270 --> 00:04:57,270 in Canada sometimes I say you know the 111 00:05:02,990 --> 00:04:59,280 god delusion by richard dawkins and they 112 00:05:04,820 --> 00:05:03,000 say Richard who and they're simply he's 113 00:05:08,480 --> 00:05:04,830 simply not as well known except in the 114 00:05:10,939 --> 00:05:08,490 kind of atheist rationalist crowd he's 115 00:05:12,379 --> 00:05:10,949 very well known there and the other 116 00:05:14,450 --> 00:05:12,389 thing is that for people who haven't 117 00:05:16,760 --> 00:05:14,460 heard of him or his book and who 118 00:05:20,390 --> 00:05:16,770 wouldn't get the allusion to the god 119 00:05:22,399 --> 00:05:20,400 delusion and they were afraid that many 120 00:05:25,060 --> 00:05:22,409 people in the US would interpret this as 121 00:05:28,219 --> 00:05:25,070 a kind of right-wing tract pro 122 00:05:30,050 --> 00:05:28,229 creationism anti-mutant climate change 123 00:05:32,000 --> 00:05:30,060 because there's a kind of anti-science 124 00:05:35,390 --> 00:05:32,010 movement in the US which doesn't really 125 00:05:37,010 --> 00:05:35,400 exist in Europe and they thought people 126 00:05:39,529 --> 00:05:37,020 would miss identify this book as a 127 00:05:41,990 --> 00:05:39,539 polemical attack on science in fact it's 128 00:05:45,670 --> 00:05:42,000 prosigns it's trying to advance science 129 00:05:48,560 --> 00:05:45,680 and the scientific agenda by 130 00:05:50,060 --> 00:05:48,570 helping to free it up from the dogmas 131 00:05:53,060 --> 00:05:50,070 that are holding it back so it's not 132 00:05:55,189 --> 00:05:53,070 anti-science it's prosigns and sunset 133 00:05:57,650 --> 00:05:55,199 free captures the meaning the intention 134 00:06:00,680 --> 00:05:57,660 of the book better actually great great 135 00:06:02,570 --> 00:06:00,690 I'm glad you think so and I think the 136 00:06:04,909 --> 00:06:02,580 book is pro science and I definitely 137 00:06:07,909 --> 00:06:04,919 want to talk about that and I guess the 138 00:06:10,279 --> 00:06:07,919 way into that is to pull apart this word 139 00:06:12,260 --> 00:06:10,289 science you've spent a good deal of time 140 00:06:14,120 --> 00:06:12,270 talking about it in the history of 141 00:06:17,120 --> 00:06:14,130 science and the philosophy of science 142 00:06:19,999 --> 00:06:17,130 but of course as soon as we get in there 143 00:06:23,420 --> 00:06:20,009 we're kind of burdened with this science 144 00:06:25,670 --> 00:06:23,430 as a position vs science as a method and 145 00:06:27,680 --> 00:06:25,680 as much as we'd like to kind of look at 146 00:06:29,990 --> 00:06:27,690 it in purist terms and say it's a 147 00:06:33,740 --> 00:06:30,000 methodology and it's really just a tool 148 00:06:36,110 --> 00:06:33,750 kit it also does represent something in 149 00:06:39,830 --> 00:06:36,120 the public discourse we have science is 150 00:06:42,219 --> 00:06:39,840 a position so how did you kind of handle 151 00:06:46,129 --> 00:06:42,229 that in in your book or what did you 152 00:06:50,180 --> 00:06:46,139 seek to do with this idea that of being 153 00:06:52,040 --> 00:06:50,190 pro science well you see I'd like to the 154 00:06:54,529 --> 00:06:52,050 science as a method approach I think 155 00:06:56,390 --> 00:06:54,539 science is the best method we have for 156 00:07:00,860 --> 00:06:56,400 looking into things and inquiring into 157 00:07:04,730 --> 00:07:00,870 things in a cumulative way and I'm but 158 00:07:06,379 --> 00:07:04,740 it's held back by dogmas and it took me 159 00:07:08,510 --> 00:07:06,389 a while to realize just what those 160 00:07:10,640 --> 00:07:08,520 dogmas are because when you're learning 161 00:07:12,649 --> 00:07:10,650 science somebody that nobody says here 162 00:07:15,589 --> 00:07:12,659 are the ten dogmas no you got to believe 163 00:07:17,270 --> 00:07:15,599 these and they're not usually spelled 164 00:07:20,600 --> 00:07:17,280 out and most people aren't even aware 165 00:07:22,640 --> 00:07:20,610 that they're dogmatic assumptions most 166 00:07:25,520 --> 00:07:22,650 people within science and outside sounds 167 00:07:28,760 --> 00:07:25,530 think that these are truths scientific 168 00:07:30,680 --> 00:07:28,770 truth and many people who believe in 169 00:07:34,370 --> 00:07:30,690 science they often say I believe in 170 00:07:37,730 --> 00:07:34,380 science and think that other people 171 00:07:39,920 --> 00:07:37,740 religious people have beliefs but by 172 00:07:42,379 --> 00:07:39,930 contrast those who believe in science or 173 00:07:47,749 --> 00:07:42,389 the scientific worldview know the truth 174 00:07:50,839 --> 00:07:47,759 and so that's a problem and it's the 175 00:07:54,080 --> 00:07:50,849 dogmas making the dogmas explicit first 176 00:07:55,430 --> 00:07:54,090 that was the challenge and then what I 177 00:07:58,300 --> 00:07:55,440 do in the book is turn them into 178 00:08:00,670 --> 00:07:58,310 questions so I'm not saying this dog 179 00:08:03,760 --> 00:08:00,680 is wrong I'm saying let's take it as a 180 00:08:06,100 --> 00:08:03,770 question not as a fact for example the 181 00:08:08,740 --> 00:08:06,110 doubler the mind is inside the brain the 182 00:08:11,610 --> 00:08:08,750 mind is the brain becomes a question is 183 00:08:14,740 --> 00:08:11,620 the mind confined to the brain the dogma 184 00:08:17,020 --> 00:08:14,750 matter is unconscious becomes is matter 185 00:08:18,850 --> 00:08:17,030 unconscious the dogma the total amount 186 00:08:20,710 --> 00:08:18,860 of matter and energy is always the same 187 00:08:23,050 --> 00:08:20,720 becomes the question is the total amount 188 00:08:26,140 --> 00:08:23,060 of natural energy always the same and 189 00:08:28,870 --> 00:08:26,150 when one turns them into questions and 190 00:08:31,330 --> 00:08:28,880 looks at the evidence the facts what 191 00:08:34,060 --> 00:08:31,340 science itself have shown it turns out 192 00:08:36,460 --> 00:08:34,070 in every case these dogmatic assumptions 193 00:08:39,330 --> 00:08:36,470 are simply assumptions they're not just 194 00:08:42,100 --> 00:08:39,340 assumptions they're actually wrong and 195 00:08:44,950 --> 00:08:42,110 yet they're the foundations of Sciences 196 00:08:46,390 --> 00:08:44,960 is currently practiced and most people 197 00:08:48,550 --> 00:08:46,400 aren't even aware they're making those 198 00:08:52,060 --> 00:08:48,560 assumptions so that's really what my 199 00:08:55,120 --> 00:08:52,070 books trying to do and when I tournament 200 00:08:57,310 --> 00:08:55,130 questions and all sorts of new kinds of 201 00:08:59,350 --> 00:08:57,320 science become possible still using 202 00:09:01,960 --> 00:08:59,360 scientific methods still using evidence 203 00:09:04,660 --> 00:09:01,970 still using scientific procedures reason 204 00:09:06,910 --> 00:09:04,670 and logic and all the rest of it and but 205 00:09:09,460 --> 00:09:06,920 not burn to this narrow framework which 206 00:09:11,440 --> 00:09:09,470 is holding everything back you know I 207 00:09:13,780 --> 00:09:11,450 want to push that just a little bit 208 00:09:16,390 --> 00:09:13,790 further because early on in the book you 209 00:09:19,150 --> 00:09:16,400 state that sciences intellectual 210 00:09:21,520 --> 00:09:19,160 prestige is almost unchallenged those 211 00:09:25,030 --> 00:09:21,530 are your words and I wonder if there 212 00:09:27,400 --> 00:09:25,040 isn't really a flip side to that at some 213 00:09:30,280 --> 00:09:27,410 level that's true and at a nother level 214 00:09:32,800 --> 00:09:30,290 it's equally true that science has been 215 00:09:35,530 --> 00:09:32,810 fundamentally discredited in recent 216 00:09:38,980 --> 00:09:35,540 years so we can look at climate gate or 217 00:09:41,500 --> 00:09:38,990 we can look at peak oil or even UFOs and 218 00:09:43,840 --> 00:09:41,510 ghosts even evolution all those are 219 00:09:45,880 --> 00:09:43,850 topics that have kind of come to the 220 00:09:48,310 --> 00:09:45,890 fore and science has had their say and 221 00:09:51,100 --> 00:09:48,320 in one way or another has come out of it 222 00:09:53,890 --> 00:09:51,110 pretty battered as a result I think the 223 00:09:57,280 --> 00:09:53,900 average person walking around certainly 224 00:09:59,500 --> 00:09:57,290 in the US will nod their head with the 225 00:10:01,270 --> 00:09:59,510 intellectual prestige of science 226 00:10:03,730 --> 00:10:01,280 nonsense but when you really speak to 227 00:10:06,280 --> 00:10:03,740 them privately that they just don't put 228 00:10:07,870 --> 00:10:06,290 a lot of stock in science I think as 229 00:10:10,930 --> 00:10:07,880 more in the u.s. than in most other 230 00:10:11,840 --> 00:10:10,940 places in China and India and in most of 231 00:10:16,220 --> 00:10:11,850 Europe they still 232 00:10:19,400 --> 00:10:16,230 do but I think that you know that what 233 00:10:22,160 --> 00:10:19,410 makes science is prestige so great is 234 00:10:24,499 --> 00:10:22,170 not so much the scientific content of 235 00:10:27,499 --> 00:10:24,509 science but the fact that we all use 236 00:10:30,829 --> 00:10:27,509 things like cellphones and computers and 237 00:10:32,329 --> 00:10:30,839 fly on jet planes and watch TV and that 238 00:10:35,090 --> 00:10:32,339 kind of thing these technological 239 00:10:37,249 --> 00:10:35,100 achievements completely transforming the 240 00:10:39,800 --> 00:10:37,259 planet and who they are but I think I 241 00:10:42,019 --> 00:10:39,810 think people are able to understand 242 00:10:43,910 --> 00:10:42,029 technology and engineering and say wow 243 00:10:45,889 --> 00:10:43,920 this is great my new iphone 5 is 244 00:10:48,230 --> 00:10:45,899 fantastic and they're able to separate 245 00:10:50,420 --> 00:10:48,240 that from the quote-unquote scientist 246 00:10:52,610 --> 00:10:50,430 who stands up there and says this or 247 00:10:55,249 --> 00:10:52,620 that about climate change or about any 248 00:10:57,530 --> 00:10:55,259 of these other topics that then turn out 249 00:10:59,300 --> 00:10:57,540 to be not only provably wrong but just 250 00:11:00,680 --> 00:10:59,310 kind of on the surface of it's silly I 251 00:11:01,910 --> 00:11:00,690 mean the idea of free will or 252 00:11:04,939 --> 00:11:01,920 consciousness or any of these things 253 00:11:07,160 --> 00:11:04,949 that wind up with your propositions just 254 00:11:10,069 --> 00:11:07,170 looking rather silly I think people have 255 00:11:12,860 --> 00:11:10,079 really internalized the extent to which 256 00:11:14,960 --> 00:11:12,870 science just doesn't have these answers 257 00:11:17,420 --> 00:11:14,970 I mean I think there's some to some 258 00:11:19,519 --> 00:11:17,430 extent that may be true but the fact is 259 00:11:22,040 --> 00:11:19,529 in many of the areas where scientific 260 00:11:23,569 --> 00:11:22,050 dogmas prevail they're not really 261 00:11:26,710 --> 00:11:23,579 challenged very much they're mostly 262 00:11:29,749 --> 00:11:26,720 challenged in areas like consciousness 263 00:11:32,980 --> 00:11:29,759 medicine and in some of the applications 264 00:11:35,509 --> 00:11:32,990 of science but some of these I mean the 265 00:11:37,280 --> 00:11:35,519 conservation of matter and energy the 266 00:11:39,410 --> 00:11:37,290 idea that memories are stored inside the 267 00:11:41,420 --> 00:11:39,420 brain the idea of the laws of nature of 268 00:11:45,740 --> 00:11:41,430 fixed quite a lot of these other dogmas 269 00:11:47,689 --> 00:11:45,750 are not very much discussed and I think 270 00:11:51,410 --> 00:11:47,699 that it'sit's when one looks at the 271 00:11:53,720 --> 00:11:51,420 whole picture the broad picture 1 seized 272 00:11:55,730 --> 00:11:53,730 a consistent pattern a lot of the 273 00:11:57,829 --> 00:11:55,740 problems that arise from science and 274 00:12:01,970 --> 00:11:57,839 public image at the moment are because 275 00:12:03,590 --> 00:12:01,980 of its dogmatism and and also because of 276 00:12:06,230 --> 00:12:03,600 the way in which science has actually 277 00:12:08,480 --> 00:12:06,240 pursued which is not really a culture of 278 00:12:14,030 --> 00:12:08,490 open debate and discussion but a kind of 279 00:12:16,519 --> 00:12:14,040 authoritarian system so I did the book 280 00:12:18,379 --> 00:12:16,529 anyway is an attempt to look at the 281 00:12:20,269 --> 00:12:18,389 dogmas and in a way that I hope will 282 00:12:21,829 --> 00:12:20,279 help those who've already begun to 283 00:12:25,369 --> 00:12:21,839 question science and for those who 284 00:12:26,809 --> 00:12:25,379 haven't to show that things could be 285 00:12:29,329 --> 00:12:26,819 from the way they are now and 286 00:12:30,979 --> 00:12:29,339 potentially about much better you know 287 00:12:33,079 --> 00:12:30,989 if someone reads your book one of the 288 00:12:34,929 --> 00:12:33,089 propositions that you make that comes to 289 00:12:38,089 --> 00:12:34,939 the forefront pretty quickly is 290 00:12:39,409 --> 00:12:38,099 materialism this idea that your mind is 291 00:12:42,589 --> 00:12:39,419 equal to your brain you are this 292 00:12:45,469 --> 00:12:42,599 biological robot but you point out I 293 00:12:48,649 --> 00:12:45,479 think quite convincingly how flawed this 294 00:12:50,719 --> 00:12:48,659 idea really is but I'm not sure that you 295 00:12:52,909 --> 00:12:50,729 answer the next question that I seem to 296 00:12:55,969 --> 00:12:52,919 encounter most with people that I talk 297 00:12:58,579 --> 00:12:55,979 to and that's how can this be questioned 298 00:13:00,229 --> 00:12:58,589 you know so people say gee okay dude 299 00:13:02,359 --> 00:13:00,239 sounds very persuasive what you're 300 00:13:04,279 --> 00:13:02,369 saying but how can these people be so 301 00:13:06,649 --> 00:13:04,289 fundamentally wrong about such an 302 00:13:08,149 --> 00:13:06,659 important question how can these guys be 303 00:13:09,799 --> 00:13:08,159 so wrong these are the guys we look up 304 00:13:11,149 --> 00:13:09,809 to these guys we prop up this is what 305 00:13:13,219 --> 00:13:11,159 everything's built on how can it be so 306 00:13:14,929 --> 00:13:13,229 wrong well I think the simplest way of 307 00:13:18,639 --> 00:13:14,939 answering that is to look at the history 308 00:13:21,379 --> 00:13:18,649 of it and be the history of it is that 309 00:13:23,179 --> 00:13:21,389 in the 17th century the Scientific 310 00:13:25,849 --> 00:13:23,189 Revolution which gave us science as we 311 00:13:28,249 --> 00:13:25,859 know it was revolutionary precisely 312 00:13:30,619 --> 00:13:28,259 because it broke away from the earlier 313 00:13:32,299 --> 00:13:30,629 view which was that nature was organic 314 00:13:34,399 --> 00:13:32,309 the earth was like an organism the 315 00:13:36,919 --> 00:13:34,409 universe was like an organism animals 316 00:13:38,809 --> 00:13:36,929 and plants were truly living beings with 317 00:13:41,719 --> 00:13:38,819 Souls the word animal comes from the 318 00:13:44,029 --> 00:13:41,729 latin word animal for soul so the 319 00:13:47,059 --> 00:13:44,039 previous views that nature's of life and 320 00:13:49,159 --> 00:13:47,069 organic the machine theory which is what 321 00:13:51,739 --> 00:13:49,169 modern science was based on in the 17th 322 00:13:54,109 --> 00:13:51,749 century said nature's not alive and 323 00:13:57,069 --> 00:13:54,119 organic it's its mechanical and 324 00:13:59,539 --> 00:13:57,079 unconscious matters and mechanical 325 00:14:01,369 --> 00:13:59,549 animals and plants are just machines the 326 00:14:03,679 --> 00:14:01,379 Earth's a machine human body's a machine 327 00:14:06,289 --> 00:14:03,689 at the only exception in the whole 328 00:14:08,749 --> 00:14:06,299 universe that's not a machine is the 329 00:14:11,479 --> 00:14:08,759 human mind which is not material not 330 00:14:13,699 --> 00:14:11,489 physical and and God and the angels 331 00:14:15,499 --> 00:14:13,709 these are part of spiritual reality 332 00:14:17,359 --> 00:14:15,509 everything else is mechanical and 333 00:14:19,999 --> 00:14:17,369 unconscious that's caught using 334 00:14:22,789 --> 00:14:20,009 journalism and that was the dualism 335 00:14:25,759 --> 00:14:22,799 between people and nature humans and 336 00:14:27,829 --> 00:14:25,769 other animals spirit and matter which 337 00:14:31,729 --> 00:14:27,839 science was based on for two or three 338 00:14:33,559 --> 00:14:31,739 centuries and how materialism arose is 339 00:14:35,779 --> 00:14:33,569 the materialist said we don't want this 340 00:14:37,759 --> 00:14:35,789 mysterious spirit that you can't measure 341 00:14:38,740 --> 00:14:37,769 or touch and it's not in space and time 342 00:14:52,930 --> 00:14:38,750 in 343 00:14:56,350 --> 00:14:52,940 and angels don't exist anyway they're 344 00:14:58,390 --> 00:14:56,360 just figments of the imagination and so 345 00:15:01,660 --> 00:14:58,400 they collapsed the steel ism into a 346 00:15:05,440 --> 00:15:01,670 monism a single thing T realism matters 347 00:15:07,330 --> 00:15:05,450 the only reality and and that doesn't 348 00:15:09,670 --> 00:15:07,340 make much difference for engineering or 349 00:15:11,320 --> 00:15:09,680 making iPhones and things but it does 350 00:15:12,580 --> 00:15:11,330 make a lot of difference if one's trying 351 00:15:15,370 --> 00:15:12,590 to understand the nature of the human 352 00:15:16,570 --> 00:15:15,380 mind or consciousness and that's of 353 00:15:19,360 --> 00:15:16,580 course the biggest problem with 354 00:15:22,180 --> 00:15:19,370 materialism if matters unconscious how 355 00:15:23,650 --> 00:15:22,190 come that we are conscious then they 356 00:15:26,380 --> 00:15:23,660 have to say that consciousness is either 357 00:15:29,200 --> 00:15:26,390 an illusion or it doesn't actually do 358 00:15:31,120 --> 00:15:29,210 anything it's just sort of like a shadow 359 00:15:33,310 --> 00:15:31,130 around the physical activity of the 360 00:15:35,050 --> 00:15:33,320 brain and so consciousness becomes a 361 00:15:37,390 --> 00:15:35,060 huge problem an embarrassment from 362 00:15:41,050 --> 00:15:37,400 materialism it's in fact called the hard 363 00:15:43,960 --> 00:15:41,060 problem in philosophy of mind and so 364 00:15:46,480 --> 00:15:43,970 though materialists have claimed the 365 00:15:48,970 --> 00:15:46,490 prestige of all modern science and 366 00:15:51,160 --> 00:15:48,980 technology their least successful when 367 00:15:54,579 --> 00:15:51,170 dealing with the nature of human minds 368 00:15:56,770 --> 00:15:54,589 or consciousness and so it's not as if 369 00:15:58,600 --> 00:15:56,780 materialism has been very triumphant in 370 00:16:01,450 --> 00:15:58,610 that area it's been extremely untrim 371 00:16:04,300 --> 00:16:01,460 front it's problematic bogged down in 372 00:16:05,820 --> 00:16:04,310 endless debates and problems and of 373 00:16:08,290 --> 00:16:05,830 course that is the problem that 374 00:16:12,250 --> 00:16:08,300 underlies many of the themes discussed 375 00:16:14,800 --> 00:16:12,260 on skeptic 0 in the skeptic podcasts and 376 00:16:17,620 --> 00:16:14,810 on the website because if the mind is 377 00:16:19,930 --> 00:16:17,630 nothing but the brain then things like 378 00:16:22,660 --> 00:16:19,940 telepathy and other psychic phenomena or 379 00:16:24,400 --> 00:16:22,670 not to exist because they imply the 380 00:16:27,579 --> 00:16:24,410 influence of the mind at a distance 381 00:16:29,650 --> 00:16:27,589 beyond the brain and so the materialist 382 00:16:32,020 --> 00:16:29,660 assumption then leads to a dogmatic 383 00:16:34,780 --> 00:16:32,030 denial of psychic phenomena and an 384 00:16:38,260 --> 00:16:34,790 attempt at all costs to deny or rubbish 385 00:16:40,360 --> 00:16:38,270 the evidence and so a lot of the 386 00:16:43,600 --> 00:16:40,370 dogmatic attitudes we encounter among 387 00:16:46,450 --> 00:16:43,610 skeptics so-called skeptics and come 388 00:16:49,300 --> 00:16:46,460 from this belief system so in it's not 389 00:16:51,010 --> 00:16:49,310 just one particular belief it's part of 390 00:16:52,540 --> 00:16:51,020 a whole package of beliefs on the 391 00:16:55,509 --> 00:16:52,550 terrorist worldview which is 392 00:16:57,519 --> 00:16:55,519 what my book is critiquing by taking the 393 00:17:00,850 --> 00:16:57,529 pot one by one and looking at the 394 00:17:03,190 --> 00:17:00,860 evidence and I think it does a great job 395 00:17:05,829 --> 00:17:03,200 of that a very convincing job of that I 396 00:17:08,559 --> 00:17:05,839 do have to just kind of play out if we 397 00:17:11,280 --> 00:17:08,569 might have to turn the model around 398 00:17:14,410 --> 00:17:11,290 though instead of science driving this 399 00:17:16,419 --> 00:17:14,420 materialism in this materialistic belief 400 00:17:18,520 --> 00:17:16,429 system if it's not the other way around 401 00:17:22,090 --> 00:17:18,530 because certainly if we look at the 402 00:17:24,790 --> 00:17:22,100 extent to which materialism is so amesh 403 00:17:26,559 --> 00:17:24,800 in our political and economic system in 404 00:17:29,020 --> 00:17:26,569 a way that would be almost impossible to 405 00:17:30,850 --> 00:17:29,030 pull it out you just have to wonder if 406 00:17:34,120 --> 00:17:30,860 it's a chicken in the egg thing can 407 00:17:35,710 --> 00:17:34,130 science really rescue us from that if if 408 00:17:38,200 --> 00:17:35,720 we come up with a different worldview 409 00:17:41,110 --> 00:17:38,210 that suggests all the things that lie 410 00:17:42,880 --> 00:17:41,120 beyond materialism can we really get 411 00:17:44,740 --> 00:17:42,890 there with the kind of political and 412 00:17:48,070 --> 00:17:44,750 economic systems we have in place I 413 00:17:49,900 --> 00:17:48,080 don't see why not I I mean if we went 414 00:17:52,600 --> 00:17:49,910 beyond materialism in the realm of 415 00:17:54,850 --> 00:17:52,610 medicine for example and we'd have a 416 00:17:58,810 --> 00:17:54,860 medical system that was more inclusive 417 00:18:00,250 --> 00:17:58,820 and holistic and probably cheaper that 418 00:18:02,380 --> 00:18:00,260 wouldn't please the pharmaceutical 419 00:18:04,780 --> 00:18:02,390 companies but it would certainly please 420 00:18:06,610 --> 00:18:04,790 a lot of National Health Services and 421 00:18:10,630 --> 00:18:06,620 medical insurers if one could deliver 422 00:18:12,460 --> 00:18:10,640 better health care cheaper by getting 423 00:18:14,380 --> 00:18:12,470 breaking down the taboos and barriers 424 00:18:16,510 --> 00:18:14,390 that presently mean that only 425 00:18:18,669 --> 00:18:16,520 mechanistic medicine is treated 426 00:18:22,000 --> 00:18:18,679 seriously by these funding and research 427 00:18:24,130 --> 00:18:22,010 agencies and I think that's perfectly 428 00:18:26,110 --> 00:18:24,140 doable there's already plenty of people 429 00:18:29,200 --> 00:18:26,120 doing it it's just not political 430 00:18:31,000 --> 00:18:29,210 mainstream at the moment and and I don't 431 00:18:35,049 --> 00:18:31,010 think that would be a huge reform a 432 00:18:37,930 --> 00:18:35,059 difficult reform I think politically a 433 00:18:39,700 --> 00:18:37,940 non materialists answer post materialist 434 00:18:42,490 --> 00:18:39,710 science that was more organic or 435 00:18:44,820 --> 00:18:42,500 holistic and it would be much more 436 00:18:48,000 --> 00:18:44,830 compatible with people's own experience 437 00:18:49,960 --> 00:18:48,010 it would be much more compatible with a 438 00:18:52,210 --> 00:18:49,970 healthier relationship to the 439 00:18:53,740 --> 00:18:52,220 environment and I think that these 440 00:18:57,960 --> 00:18:53,750 things would probably be quite popular 441 00:19:02,610 --> 00:18:57,970 politically I don't think that this is 442 00:19:05,530 --> 00:19:02,620 materialism isn't an essential part of 443 00:19:06,070 --> 00:19:05,540 the apparatus of government state and 444 00:19:09,399 --> 00:19:06,080 industry 445 00:19:11,169 --> 00:19:09,409 it is right now but materialism only 446 00:19:14,220 --> 00:19:11,179 became the predominant view within 447 00:19:16,389 --> 00:19:14,230 science by the late 19th century and 448 00:19:20,169 --> 00:19:16,399 before that most scientists were 449 00:19:22,500 --> 00:19:20,179 journalists and found no problem those 450 00:19:25,120 --> 00:19:22,510 governments for journalists and 451 00:19:28,180 --> 00:19:25,130 journalism I'm not a juror's myself I 452 00:19:29,590 --> 00:19:28,190 think it's too limited of you but it 453 00:19:31,539 --> 00:19:29,600 meant there was more harmony between 454 00:19:34,060 --> 00:19:31,549 science and religion they lived in kind 455 00:19:36,880 --> 00:19:34,070 of separate compartments materialism 456 00:19:39,549 --> 00:19:36,890 leads to an onslaught in its more 457 00:19:41,919 --> 00:19:39,559 militant forms on any form of religious 458 00:19:43,990 --> 00:19:41,929 belief and that's deeply upsetting 459 00:19:45,820 --> 00:19:44,000 politically for a lot of people and 460 00:19:49,539 --> 00:19:45,830 that's why in the u.s. does this kind of 461 00:19:51,820 --> 00:19:49,549 religious right backlash which is too 462 00:19:54,549 --> 00:19:51,830 largely confined to the US but I think 463 00:19:58,149 --> 00:19:54,559 one can only see the context for that in 464 00:20:00,659 --> 00:19:58,159 in a kind of militant materialism which 465 00:20:02,980 --> 00:20:00,669 asserts that science disproves God 466 00:20:07,090 --> 00:20:02,990 evolution shows there's no such thing as 467 00:20:09,220 --> 00:20:07,100 God and science is right therefore God 468 00:20:11,019 --> 00:20:09,230 doesn't exist and Richard Dawkins was 469 00:20:13,960 --> 00:20:11,029 professor of public understanding of 470 00:20:16,090 --> 00:20:13,970 science at Oxford and his atheist views 471 00:20:18,700 --> 00:20:16,100 in his mind has simply equated with 472 00:20:21,070 --> 00:20:18,710 science so 20 crates science with 473 00:20:22,840 --> 00:20:21,080 atheism and materialism then you're 474 00:20:25,750 --> 00:20:22,850 going to alienate a lot of people and 475 00:20:27,549 --> 00:20:25,760 caused big political backlashes and so I 476 00:20:30,610 --> 00:20:27,559 think it's done more harm than good and 477 00:20:32,560 --> 00:20:30,620 actually creates more problems far more 478 00:20:35,019 --> 00:20:32,570 problems than unnecessary I don't know 479 00:20:38,259 --> 00:20:35,029 about more harm than good but I I think 480 00:20:40,899 --> 00:20:38,269 personally it really brings the question 481 00:20:43,740 --> 00:20:40,909 more into focus more honestly and fairly 482 00:20:46,000 --> 00:20:43,750 more on the table than to otherwise 483 00:20:48,700 --> 00:20:46,010 obscure it because that's the one part i 484 00:20:51,340 --> 00:20:48,710 guess i really want to push on is at the 485 00:20:54,430 --> 00:20:51,350 end of the day the end of materialism 486 00:20:56,080 --> 00:20:54,440 means the end of atheism and that's what 487 00:20:59,200 --> 00:20:56,090 we're fighting about and i think it 488 00:21:02,560 --> 00:20:59,210 requires us to seriously consider all 489 00:21:05,379 --> 00:21:02,570 sorts of questions about the spiritual 490 00:21:08,860 --> 00:21:05,389 quote unquote and again i think that's 491 00:21:11,590 --> 00:21:08,870 what this debate the underlying fight is 492 00:21:13,690 --> 00:21:11,600 all about so don't we need to be more 493 00:21:16,710 --> 00:21:13,700 upfront about that and particularly in 494 00:21:19,450 --> 00:21:16,720 these alternative sciences like 495 00:21:19,779 --> 00:21:19,460 parapsychology don't we have to deal 496 00:21:22,060 --> 00:21:19,789 with 497 00:21:23,259 --> 00:21:22,070 fat head on let me take that one small 498 00:21:25,239 --> 00:21:23,269 step further I mean to me the 499 00:21:28,359 --> 00:21:25,249 implications are clear if consciousness 500 00:21:31,090 --> 00:21:28,369 survives death which seems to be most 501 00:21:33,519 --> 00:21:31,100 likely true then that's just as just 502 00:21:35,430 --> 00:21:33,529 about every religion throughout time has 503 00:21:37,690 --> 00:21:35,440 told us and if there is some 504 00:21:40,570 --> 00:21:37,700 hierarchical order to consciousness 505 00:21:42,879 --> 00:21:40,580 again something that seems to be 506 00:21:44,950 --> 00:21:42,889 indicated by the data we have then that 507 00:21:47,169 --> 00:21:44,960 sure sounds like something that we would 508 00:21:49,719 --> 00:21:47,179 call God most religions would call God 509 00:21:52,539 --> 00:21:49,729 so aren't these issues aren't these 510 00:21:54,669 --> 00:21:52,549 topics these spiritual topics really 511 00:21:55,839 --> 00:21:54,679 right there under the surface of that 512 00:21:57,940 --> 00:21:55,849 and isn't that what we're really 513 00:22:01,269 --> 00:21:57,950 fighting about well I guess it's as 514 00:22:03,749 --> 00:22:01,279 simple as that and because for example 515 00:22:05,549 --> 00:22:03,759 take parapsychology among 516 00:22:07,419 --> 00:22:05,559 parapsychologist sometimes 517 00:22:10,899 --> 00:22:07,429 parapsychologists and materialists and 518 00:22:12,879 --> 00:22:10,909 atheists others uh questions other the 519 00:22:14,979 --> 00:22:12,889 butt is sore inlet Rupert that's just 520 00:22:17,529 --> 00:22:14,989 because they've sold out to try and get 521 00:22:19,869 --> 00:22:17,539 some scientific legitimacy they've you 522 00:22:21,580 --> 00:22:19,879 know adopted these atheistic ideas in a 523 00:22:23,409 --> 00:22:21,590 way that I think I i I'd like you to 524 00:22:26,289 --> 00:22:23,419 point out one of them that has any kind 525 00:22:28,950 --> 00:22:26,299 of consistent theory for how atheism 526 00:22:31,180 --> 00:22:28,960 could possibly be compatible with 527 00:22:32,979 --> 00:22:31,190 survival of consciousness I mean what 528 00:22:35,139 --> 00:22:32,989 super sigh mean what we mean there are 529 00:22:37,570 --> 00:22:35,149 federal quite eminent parapsychologist 530 00:22:40,359 --> 00:22:37,580 who are atheists and dick behrman in 531 00:22:42,070 --> 00:22:40,369 holland for example Richard Branson who 532 00:22:44,430 --> 00:22:42,080 used to be at the rhine center now at 533 00:22:47,320 --> 00:22:44,440 the University of Northampton in England 534 00:22:49,599 --> 00:22:47,330 Damien Broderick whose rights popular 535 00:22:52,149 --> 00:22:49,609 books on and science fiction and it 536 00:22:53,979 --> 00:22:52,159 knows a lot about parapsychology he's an 537 00:22:57,219 --> 00:22:53,989 atheist from the materialist but does 538 00:22:59,739 --> 00:22:57,229 any of that make any sense to you well 539 00:23:02,379 --> 00:22:59,749 the thing is that it does actually I 540 00:23:03,909 --> 00:23:02,389 mean what they add may who needed the 541 00:23:05,799 --> 00:23:03,919 Stargate research he's in it 542 00:23:08,649 --> 00:23:05,809 materialists an atheist and yet an 543 00:23:10,769 --> 00:23:08,659 eminent parapsychologist so there isn't 544 00:23:13,479 --> 00:23:10,779 a simple correlation between 545 00:23:17,710 --> 00:23:13,489 parapsychology and and religious belief 546 00:23:20,379 --> 00:23:17,720 and now what they hope for and what I 547 00:23:22,330 --> 00:23:20,389 think is a real alternative is that the 548 00:23:26,879 --> 00:23:22,340 narrow dogmatic materials and we now 549 00:23:30,129 --> 00:23:26,889 have could be replaced by a kind of 550 00:23:33,039 --> 00:23:30,139 organic holistic worldview which 551 00:23:33,789 --> 00:23:33,049 wouldn't necessarily imply the existence 552 00:23:36,220 --> 00:23:33,799 of 553 00:23:38,889 --> 00:23:36,230 God it would be perhaps pantheistic or 554 00:23:41,320 --> 00:23:38,899 animistic without being theistic orbea 555 00:23:43,090 --> 00:23:41,330 stick and so I think there's an 556 00:23:46,479 --> 00:23:43,100 intermediate position which is not 557 00:23:49,450 --> 00:23:46,489 either just atheistic materialism or 558 00:23:50,979 --> 00:23:49,460 full blend religion and spirituality I 559 00:23:52,779 --> 00:23:50,989 think there is an intermediate position 560 00:23:57,820 --> 00:23:52,789 where I think it could still be possible 561 00:23:59,470 --> 00:23:57,830 to be an atheist and but not on the 562 00:24:00,820 --> 00:23:59,480 basis of this narrow dogmatic 563 00:24:03,279 --> 00:24:00,830 materialism there's on a much more 564 00:24:06,849 --> 00:24:03,289 sophisticated form of materialism you 565 00:24:08,769 --> 00:24:06,859 sound much less convincing in that 566 00:24:11,259 --> 00:24:08,779 argument in that position I don't think 567 00:24:13,210 --> 00:24:11,269 that's your position and and I just know 568 00:24:15,340 --> 00:24:13,220 it's not my position but but what I 569 00:24:17,649 --> 00:24:15,350 don't want you see I think it's really 570 00:24:19,930 --> 00:24:17,659 important to D couple arguments about 571 00:24:22,419 --> 00:24:19,940 atheism and religion which get people 572 00:24:24,700 --> 00:24:22,429 passionately involved with articles of 573 00:24:26,889 --> 00:24:24,710 personal faith and personal experience I 574 00:24:28,899 --> 00:24:26,899 think we can decouple it from religion 575 00:24:30,849 --> 00:24:28,909 but but from spirituality I think that's 576 00:24:33,460 --> 00:24:30,859 part of the problem I think all these 577 00:24:35,799 --> 00:24:33,470 questions of the spiritual are not very 578 00:24:38,259 --> 00:24:35,809 deep in these questions they're right 579 00:24:41,349 --> 00:24:38,269 there under the paper thins surface of 580 00:24:43,180 --> 00:24:41,359 it survival of consciousness if we just 581 00:24:45,249 --> 00:24:43,190 look at the data and we say well that it 582 00:24:47,590 --> 00:24:45,259 seems to suggest that yeah consciousness 583 00:24:49,899 --> 00:24:47,600 survives death I mean that immediately 584 00:24:51,899 --> 00:24:49,909 for any man on the street as well as any 585 00:24:54,430 --> 00:24:51,909 scientists immediately launch us into 586 00:24:56,200 --> 00:24:54,440 deep questions of the spiritual I don't 587 00:24:58,779 --> 00:24:56,210 know how you get around that well I mean 588 00:25:00,669 --> 00:24:58,789 survival of consciousness is you know 589 00:25:02,979 --> 00:25:00,679 one aspect of religion or spirituality 590 00:25:05,889 --> 00:25:02,989 but there have been spiritual people 591 00:25:08,470 --> 00:25:05,899 including many Jews for thousands of 592 00:25:10,359 --> 00:25:08,480 years who are religious and spiritual 593 00:25:12,460 --> 00:25:10,369 but don't believe in survival of 594 00:25:14,619 --> 00:25:12,470 consciousness so again there's not a 595 00:25:17,200 --> 00:25:14,629 hundred percent correlation between 596 00:25:19,149 --> 00:25:17,210 these points of view you know even at 597 00:25:20,919 --> 00:25:19,159 the time of Jesus one of the great 598 00:25:23,950 --> 00:25:20,929 debates going on at the time the New 599 00:25:25,710 --> 00:25:23,960 Testament was being formulated in the 600 00:25:28,840 --> 00:25:25,720 life of Jesus and then in the subsequent 601 00:25:31,119 --> 00:25:28,850 discussions was there the Sadducees the 602 00:25:33,399 --> 00:25:31,129 temple priests didn't believe in 603 00:25:36,009 --> 00:25:33,409 survival where's the Pharisees did and 604 00:25:37,720 --> 00:25:36,019 this was a really big debate and that 605 00:25:41,440 --> 00:25:37,730 debate still goes on in the in the 606 00:25:44,710 --> 00:25:41,450 Jewish community so it's it's even there 607 00:25:47,350 --> 00:25:44,720 both sides are devout religious people 608 00:25:50,740 --> 00:25:47,360 with a spiritual experience and and 609 00:25:53,740 --> 00:25:50,750 dimension so I think it's quite 610 00:25:55,960 --> 00:25:53,750 important to decouple these although 611 00:25:58,899 --> 00:25:55,970 these Sciences very relevant to these 612 00:26:01,120 --> 00:25:58,909 issues it doesn't nap in such a way that 613 00:26:03,460 --> 00:26:01,130 you know to be an atheist you've got to 614 00:26:05,289 --> 00:26:03,470 be a kind of dork in style materialist 615 00:26:09,310 --> 00:26:05,299 ought to be a religious person you've 616 00:26:11,440 --> 00:26:09,320 got to be a duelist and or I think what 617 00:26:13,539 --> 00:26:11,450 we're heading for is in a post 618 00:26:16,060 --> 00:26:13,549 materialist worldview which is what my 619 00:26:18,220 --> 00:26:16,070 book is trying to point way towards we 620 00:26:20,440 --> 00:26:18,230 could have a holistic way of looking at 621 00:26:22,840 --> 00:26:20,450 things a scientific investigation of 622 00:26:25,630 --> 00:26:22,850 things which leaves these bigger 623 00:26:27,549 --> 00:26:25,640 questions open and for example in one 624 00:26:29,110 --> 00:26:27,559 chapter of the book where I'm dealing 625 00:26:32,289 --> 00:26:29,120 with the dogma that memories are stored 626 00:26:33,909 --> 00:26:32,299 as material traces inside the brain that 627 00:26:36,490 --> 00:26:33,919 becomes the question our memory is 628 00:26:39,340 --> 00:26:36,500 stored as material traces in brains and 629 00:26:41,860 --> 00:26:39,350 I myself technique memories are stored 630 00:26:45,700 --> 00:26:41,870 in veins I think that brings more like 631 00:26:48,070 --> 00:26:45,710 tuning devices more like TV receivers 632 00:26:50,470 --> 00:26:48,080 and like video recorders now that has 633 00:26:52,720 --> 00:26:50,480 that's really a scientific question how 634 00:26:55,060 --> 00:26:52,730 his memory is stored and we can do 635 00:26:57,850 --> 00:26:55,070 experiments to try and find out how it 636 00:27:01,480 --> 00:26:57,860 is how memory works it has religious 637 00:27:02,919 --> 00:27:01,490 implications because materialism says if 638 00:27:04,840 --> 00:27:02,929 memories are stored that memories are 639 00:27:06,789 --> 00:27:04,850 stored in brains the brain decays at 640 00:27:09,789 --> 00:27:06,799 death therefore memories wiped out at 641 00:27:12,279 --> 00:27:09,799 death there's no possibility of any kind 642 00:27:15,130 --> 00:27:12,289 of survival personal survival without 643 00:27:17,230 --> 00:27:15,140 memory and so from the terrorists it's a 644 00:27:19,180 --> 00:27:17,240 simple two-step argument members are 645 00:27:21,190 --> 00:27:19,190 stored in brains the brain decays at 646 00:27:23,500 --> 00:27:21,200 death therefore members of white car to 647 00:27:26,140 --> 00:27:23,510 death therefore all fairies of survival 648 00:27:28,810 --> 00:27:26,150 reincarnation purgatory The Last 649 00:27:30,940 --> 00:27:28,820 Judgment you know all these all fairies 650 00:27:33,190 --> 00:27:30,950 are wiped out whereas if memories are 651 00:27:36,159 --> 00:27:33,200 not stored in brains if they depend on a 652 00:27:37,960 --> 00:27:36,169 resonance process then the memories 653 00:27:40,360 --> 00:27:37,970 themselves are not wiped out of death 654 00:27:42,789 --> 00:27:40,370 they're potentially accessible but that 655 00:27:44,980 --> 00:27:42,799 doesn't prove they are accessed that 656 00:27:46,960 --> 00:27:44,990 there is personal survival it just means 657 00:27:49,840 --> 00:27:46,970 that's a possibility whereas with 658 00:27:51,460 --> 00:27:49,850 materialism it's an impossibility so one 659 00:27:53,139 --> 00:27:51,470 position leaves the preservative leaves 660 00:27:56,740 --> 00:27:53,149 the question closed and the other leaves 661 00:27:58,659 --> 00:27:56,750 it open one last question dr. sheldrick 662 00:28:01,680 --> 00:27:58,669 what do you think you 663 00:28:04,299 --> 00:28:01,690 the future for academia visa V 664 00:28:06,999 --> 00:28:04,309 materialism it is again it seemed so 665 00:28:09,369 --> 00:28:07,009 imaged so institutionalized at this 666 00:28:12,609 --> 00:28:09,379 point I know that you've mentioned that 667 00:28:14,139 --> 00:28:12,619 your son is studying for his ph.d first 668 00:28:17,470 --> 00:28:14,149 of all congratulations to him on that 669 00:28:20,159 --> 00:28:17,480 but let's say he came to you and said he 670 00:28:23,529 --> 00:28:20,169 wanted to pursue a career in academia 671 00:28:27,249 --> 00:28:23,539 what advice would you give him for 672 00:28:29,859 --> 00:28:27,259 trying to one either get along with the 673 00:28:31,840 --> 00:28:29,869 system as it is or or change it in the 674 00:28:34,419 --> 00:28:31,850 direction that you'd like to see change 675 00:28:37,269 --> 00:28:34,429 happen well he's doing his PhD in 676 00:28:39,519 --> 00:28:37,279 tropical ecology in a way that's not 677 00:28:41,889 --> 00:28:39,529 particularly reductionist it's a more 678 00:28:44,560 --> 00:28:41,899 holistic kind of ecological fieldwork 679 00:28:48,820 --> 00:28:44,570 approach so he's not confronting these 680 00:28:51,519 --> 00:28:48,830 questions in a direct personal way but i 681 00:28:54,009 --> 00:28:51,529 think that the there are plenty of 682 00:28:56,499 --> 00:28:54,019 people in academic science who are not 683 00:28:59,259 --> 00:28:56,509 materialists one of the points I try to 684 00:29:02,739 --> 00:28:59,269 make in my book is that a great many 685 00:29:04,840 --> 00:29:02,749 scientists nowadays a not materialists 686 00:29:06,820 --> 00:29:04,850 they're not atheists the culture of 687 00:29:09,549 --> 00:29:06,830 science and indeed of the academic world 688 00:29:12,789 --> 00:29:09,559 is generally speaking atheistic and 689 00:29:14,830 --> 00:29:12,799 materialistic and but that's the kind of 690 00:29:17,710 --> 00:29:14,840 surface culture what people pay lip 691 00:29:19,389 --> 00:29:17,720 service to in public in private there's 692 00:29:20,979 --> 00:29:19,399 a great many people with different views 693 00:29:22,389 --> 00:29:20,989 there are a large for spiritual but not 694 00:29:24,190 --> 00:29:22,399 religious there are a lot to our 695 00:29:26,320 --> 00:29:24,200 religious there are not you've had 696 00:29:29,830 --> 00:29:26,330 mystical experiences that are not to 697 00:29:32,019 --> 00:29:29,840 have psychic experiences and and there 698 00:29:34,359 --> 00:29:32,029 are lots of been to alternative 699 00:29:37,060 --> 00:29:34,369 practitioners and take seriously there 700 00:29:39,279 --> 00:29:37,070 is alternative healing methods and in 701 00:29:42,039 --> 00:29:39,289 fact at all those often I think they'd 702 00:29:44,590 --> 00:29:42,049 be the majority of people within science 703 00:29:47,349 --> 00:29:44,600 a further point is that if we look at 704 00:29:50,889 --> 00:29:47,359 young scientists today the scientists of 705 00:29:52,389 --> 00:29:50,899 the future last year India graduated two 706 00:29:55,210 --> 00:29:52,399 and a half million science and 707 00:29:56,950 --> 00:29:55,220 engineering at graduates China one and a 708 00:29:59,799 --> 00:29:56,960 half million the u.s. half a million 709 00:30:01,989 --> 00:29:59,809 Britain 100,000 but in Britain and the 710 00:30:05,049 --> 00:30:01,999 u.s. about a third of them at graduate 711 00:30:07,839 --> 00:30:05,059 level were Indians Chinese and Koreans 712 00:30:10,450 --> 00:30:07,849 so the majority of young scientists in 713 00:30:11,020 --> 00:30:10,460 the world today are not European or 714 00:30:16,150 --> 00:30:11,030 American 715 00:30:18,880 --> 00:30:16,160 more they're asian and the Chinese have 716 00:30:20,920 --> 00:30:18,890 an ambiguous attitude some materialist 717 00:30:23,620 --> 00:30:20,930 some interests and Taoism and 718 00:30:25,480 --> 00:30:23,630 traditional Chinese beliefs most Indians 719 00:30:27,160 --> 00:30:25,490 the great majority of Indian scientists 720 00:30:30,160 --> 00:30:27,170 and pretty straightforward Hindus and 721 00:30:34,810 --> 00:30:30,170 Muslims when they're off duty they're 722 00:30:37,510 --> 00:30:34,820 not materialists and atheists so most 723 00:30:38,980 --> 00:30:37,520 scientists today simply don't fit into 724 00:30:42,340 --> 00:30:38,990 that position but when they're at work 725 00:30:44,500 --> 00:30:42,350 they pretension that they pretend to go 726 00:30:46,660 --> 00:30:44,510 along with that overall you know that 727 00:30:48,850 --> 00:30:46,670 kind of what seems like a consensus 728 00:30:50,890 --> 00:30:48,860 reality as soon as they're off duty they 729 00:30:53,260 --> 00:30:50,900 revert to completely different views I 730 00:30:56,380 --> 00:30:53,270 would say the majority of scientists in 731 00:30:59,140 --> 00:30:56,390 fact have that lead a split life what 732 00:31:01,060 --> 00:30:59,150 I'm proposing is that scientists come 733 00:31:03,010 --> 00:31:01,070 out speak much more freely about their 734 00:31:04,690 --> 00:31:03,020 own experiences and interest to their 735 00:31:07,120 --> 00:31:04,700 colleagues and they'll find that a great 736 00:31:08,710 --> 00:31:07,130 many of the others share these interests 737 00:31:11,890 --> 00:31:08,720 or have things that they're they can 738 00:31:16,180 --> 00:31:11,900 talk about fruitfully that this material 739 00:31:18,610 --> 00:31:16,190 is dogmatism is a facade behind which 740 00:31:20,980 --> 00:31:18,620 there are some true believers Richard 741 00:31:22,840 --> 00:31:20,990 Dawkins is certainly one and he's done 742 00:31:24,880 --> 00:31:22,850 us all the service by making these views 743 00:31:29,130 --> 00:31:24,890 say explicit and expressing them so 744 00:31:31,720 --> 00:31:29,140 forcefully and but I think the majority 745 00:31:34,150 --> 00:31:31,730 don't have those views I think of it as 746 00:31:37,120 --> 00:31:34,160 being rather like Russia under Brezhnev 747 00:31:40,000 --> 00:31:37,130 and you know in that late communist 748 00:31:42,820 --> 00:31:40,010 phase of the Soviet Union in public 749 00:31:45,160 --> 00:31:42,830 almost everyone went along with Marxism 750 00:31:46,990 --> 00:31:45,170 and dialectical materialism a few 751 00:31:50,500 --> 00:31:47,000 dissident stood out against it in the 752 00:31:52,990 --> 00:31:50,510 sent to psychiatric institutions but and 753 00:31:54,730 --> 00:31:53,000 the majority just went along with it as 754 00:31:57,220 --> 00:31:54,740 if they believed it and now they 755 00:31:59,380 --> 00:31:57,230 dutifully except at public meetings two 756 00:32:01,090 --> 00:31:59,390 speeches by the party leaders and so 757 00:32:03,190 --> 00:32:01,100 forth but when the Soviet empire 758 00:32:05,650 --> 00:32:03,200 collapsed how many really believed it 759 00:32:07,810 --> 00:32:05,660 probably any quite a small minority I 760 00:32:11,380 --> 00:32:07,820 think it's rather like that in science 761 00:32:13,660 --> 00:32:11,390 and so I think that when few people feel 762 00:32:16,120 --> 00:32:13,670 free to come out and speak freely and 763 00:32:19,450 --> 00:32:16,130 when scientists feel they don't have to 764 00:32:21,670 --> 00:32:19,460 pay lip service to this dogma and they 765 00:32:23,860 --> 00:32:21,680 it's not as if the whole academic world 766 00:32:24,640 --> 00:32:23,870 will suddenly oppose it as one person 767 00:32:26,560 --> 00:32:24,650 they 768 00:32:28,360 --> 00:32:26,570 and a lot of people would be enormously 769 00:32:30,220 --> 00:32:28,370 relieved and I think the academic world 770 00:32:31,690 --> 00:32:30,230 would get a new lease of life through 771 00:32:33,790 --> 00:32:31,700 people being able to speak and think 772 00:32:36,370 --> 00:32:33,800 more freely that's certainly a 773 00:32:38,710 --> 00:32:36,380 wonderfully optimistic future that you 774 00:32:40,810 --> 00:32:38,720 paint and let's hope we get there Rupert 775 00:32:42,970 --> 00:32:40,820 tell folks what's coming up for you 776 00:32:46,330 --> 00:32:42,980 again the book available right now at 777 00:32:48,700 --> 00:32:46,340 amazon science set free ten paths to new 778 00:32:51,970 --> 00:32:48,710 discovery what's coming up in terms of 779 00:32:53,500 --> 00:32:51,980 your speaking lecture circuit your seems 780 00:32:54,580 --> 00:32:53,510 like we're always hearing about cheer 781 00:32:56,470 --> 00:32:54,590 and you're popping up with some new 782 00:32:58,720 --> 00:32:56,480 YouTube videos and the like which is 783 00:33:00,460 --> 00:32:58,730 great to hear what's coming up for you 784 00:33:04,860 --> 00:33:00,470 in the near future well in the near 785 00:33:06,790 --> 00:33:04,870 future in San Francisco September 7th at 786 00:33:08,920 --> 00:33:06,800 california institute of integral studies 787 00:33:11,170 --> 00:33:08,930 i'm giving a book launch lecture for 788 00:33:13,500 --> 00:33:11,180 this book which is published in the US 789 00:33:16,120 --> 00:33:13,510 and canada on September the fourth and 790 00:33:20,140 --> 00:33:16,130 sep 10 to the 8th and giving a deal 791 00:33:22,330 --> 00:33:20,150 week-long workshop on it the following 792 00:33:24,700 --> 00:33:22,340 weekend at the Esalen Institute in Big 793 00:33:27,060 --> 00:33:24,710 Sur California I'm doing a weekend 794 00:33:29,920 --> 00:33:27,070 workshop on the themes of this book and 795 00:33:32,740 --> 00:33:29,930 those are my main things in September 796 00:33:36,640 --> 00:33:32,750 then I'm going back to England and in 797 00:33:40,720 --> 00:33:36,650 Canada right now and I'm going to the US 798 00:33:42,970 --> 00:33:40,730 again in november i'm going to be doing 799 00:33:45,820 --> 00:33:42,980 some talks in New York mainly at the 800 00:33:47,680 --> 00:33:45,830 open center and not doing anything in 801 00:33:49,750 --> 00:33:47,690 between and my publisher said there's no 802 00:33:53,950 --> 00:33:49,760 point trying to do book promotion before 803 00:33:56,200 --> 00:33:53,960 a presidential election in the US so 804 00:33:58,060 --> 00:33:56,210 that so I'm not coming back to the week 805 00:34:00,220 --> 00:33:58,070 after the presidential election when 806 00:34:03,040 --> 00:34:00,230 hopefully the hanging chads will have 807 00:34:04,930 --> 00:34:03,050 been sorted out and I'll be able to and 808 00:34:08,320 --> 00:34:04,940 you know things are things should be 809 00:34:10,540 --> 00:34:08,330 getting back to normal and so that's the 810 00:34:14,560 --> 00:34:10,550 main thing and meanwhile there will be 811 00:34:17,530 --> 00:34:14,570 various YouTube's and and discussions 812 00:34:20,620 --> 00:34:17,540 about the book there's already some 813 00:34:23,409 --> 00:34:20,630 lectures online about the book from my 814 00:34:25,210 --> 00:34:23,419 presentations in England and anyone 815 00:34:30,909 --> 00:34:25,220 who's interested conceding there on my 816 00:34:32,590 --> 00:34:30,919 website www sheldrick org and anyone 817 00:34:35,020 --> 00:34:32,600 who's interested in knowing where i'll 818 00:34:36,970 --> 00:34:35,030 be speaking what i'll be doing can sign 819 00:34:38,280 --> 00:34:36,980 on from my can look at the website or 820 00:34:40,919 --> 00:34:38,290 sign on for my e 821 00:34:43,169 --> 00:34:40,929 is letter which I send out any every 822 00:34:45,720 --> 00:34:43,179 couple of months but it gives an update 823 00:34:48,240 --> 00:34:45,730 on my various activities for those who 824 00:34:50,640 --> 00:34:48,250 are interested great I get those emails 825 00:34:53,010 --> 00:34:50,650 and it is nice that they're on a regular 826 00:34:55,050 --> 00:34:53,020 basis but you don't overwhelm folks with 827 00:34:57,690 --> 00:34:55,060 useless information so it's very well 828 00:34:59,400 --> 00:34:57,700 done well dr. sheldrick thanks again for 829 00:35:01,770 --> 00:34:59,410 joining us today best of luck with the 830 00:35:03,510 --> 00:35:01,780 book and hopefully we'll we'll touch 831 00:35:06,510 --> 00:35:03,520 base with you again in the not too 832 00:35:08,190 --> 00:35:06,520 distant future good thanks very much and 833 00:35:11,100 --> 00:35:08,200 all the best to you and a great let you 834 00:35:13,080 --> 00:35:11,110 do thanks again to dr. shelter for 835 00:35:15,360 --> 00:35:13,090 joining me today on skeptic Oh a couple 836 00:35:18,150 --> 00:35:15,370 of questions i guess i tee up i think 837 00:35:20,400 --> 00:35:18,160 the main thrust of this book is topics 838 00:35:23,070 --> 00:35:20,410 that we've covered over and over and 839 00:35:25,080 --> 00:35:23,080 over again in terms of materialism but i 840 00:35:27,000 --> 00:35:25,090 particularly like the way that he's 841 00:35:29,520 --> 00:35:27,010 drawn out these assumptions that 842 00:35:31,710 --> 00:35:29,530 materialism is based on and turn them 843 00:35:34,350 --> 00:35:31,720 into rather provocative questions that 844 00:35:36,300 --> 00:35:34,360 even when one's first hears them you're 845 00:35:39,180 --> 00:35:36,310 kind of drawn to say yeah why would I 846 00:35:41,070 --> 00:35:39,190 assume that that's true so I think it 847 00:35:42,960 --> 00:35:41,080 might be interesting to flesh some of 848 00:35:44,760 --> 00:35:42,970 those out on the forum and discuss those 849 00:35:46,380 --> 00:35:44,770 questions if someone would like to do 850 00:35:49,020 --> 00:35:46,390 that that would be much appreciated and 851 00:35:50,550 --> 00:35:49,030 the second topic I want to discuss is 852 00:35:53,070 --> 00:35:50,560 this last one that I brought up with him 853 00:35:55,920 --> 00:35:53,080 and keeps popping up for me at least and 854 00:35:59,670 --> 00:35:55,930 that is this connection between a post 855 00:36:02,250 --> 00:35:59,680 materialism scientific world and the 856 00:36:04,950 --> 00:36:02,260 spiritual so again to me it's clear that 857 00:36:07,530 --> 00:36:04,960 as soon as we get past materialism we 858 00:36:10,560 --> 00:36:07,540 have to confront head on these questions 859 00:36:12,390 --> 00:36:10,570 of spirit are their spiritual beings 860 00:36:14,700 --> 00:36:12,400 what happens to consciousness after we 861 00:36:16,770 --> 00:36:14,710 die and i'm not advocating that we 862 00:36:18,810 --> 00:36:16,780 approach those from at all a religious 863 00:36:21,600 --> 00:36:18,820 standpoint but from a scientific 864 00:36:23,760 --> 00:36:21,610 standpoint the best way we can it just 865 00:36:26,100 --> 00:36:23,770 seems to me clear that those questions 866 00:36:29,040 --> 00:36:26,110 come to the forefront right away as soon 867 00:36:30,780 --> 00:36:29,050 as we make that step beyond materialism 868 00:36:33,510 --> 00:36:30,790 so it will be interesting to see what 869 00:36:35,820 --> 00:36:33,520 you have to say about that of course the 870 00:36:41,070 --> 00:36:35,830 place to connect is on The Skeptical 871 00:36:42,960 --> 00:36:41,080 website it's at sk-ii pti k Oh calm as I 872 00:36:45,210 --> 00:36:42,970 mentioned in a previous episode there's 873 00:36:47,520 --> 00:36:45,220 a new version of the comment section 874 00:36:50,670 --> 00:36:47,530 that makes it really handy to follow 875 00:36:52,020 --> 00:36:50,680 threaded conversations so I invite you 876 00:36:53,970 --> 00:36:52,030 to check that out in 877 00:36:55,350 --> 00:36:53,980 comment section the website and then of 878 00:36:57,510 --> 00:36:55,360 course there's the form which is a very 879 00:36:59,640 --> 00:36:57,520 popular place for folks to kind of hash 880 00:37:01,740 --> 00:36:59,650 out some of these ideas either one of 881 00:37:04,050 --> 00:37:01,750 those places are the place to go and of 882 00:37:06,450 --> 00:37:04,060 course you can always email me or 883 00:37:08,010 --> 00:37:06,460 connect with me on Facebook I try to get 884 00:37:10,500 --> 00:37:08,020 to as many of those as I can it can't 885 00:37:11,850 --> 00:37:10,510 always get to all of them but I try well 886 00:37:14,040 --> 00:37:11,860 that's going to do it for this episode i 887 00:37:16,110 --> 00:37:14,050 have several interesting shows coming up 888 00:37:18,240 --> 00:37:16,120 be sure to stay with me for all of that 889 00:37:20,040 --> 00:37:18,250 be sure to tell your friends and blog 890 00:37:21,930 --> 00:37:20,050 and write about skeptical whenever you 891 00:37:24,720 --> 00:37:21,940 can it's interesting that we've had a 892 00:37:27,660 --> 00:37:24,730 steady uptick in skeptic Oh listenership 893 00:37:29,730 --> 00:37:27,670 but especially in the last month or two 894 00:37:31,560 --> 00:37:29,740 it's really kind of kicked into gear and 895 00:37:33,390 --> 00:37:31,570 maybe that's just because I've been 896 00:37:35,040 --> 00:37:33,400 putting these out every week I don't 897 00:37:39,120 --> 00:37:35,050 know how much longer I can keep that up 898 00:37:42,390 --> 00:37:39,130 but I will try so again that's it for